Highway
Trans European Motorway follows the fault line to the south of Sapanca lake.Overpasses, designed with respect to modified AASHTO specifications, have received varying degrees of damage. A collapsed overpass at Arifiye junction is shown below.
The major highway (Trans European Motorway) in the vicinity of the fault rupture has buckled due to compresive forces for a length of 200m and damaged overpasses (the decks of one of the overpass has totally collapsed). The damage at Arifiye overpass is essentially due to the tectonic ground displacement with minimum visible damage due to ground shaking. In Sakarya viaduct the shaking damage predominates. The TEM Motorway aligns almost parallel to the fault rupture at the south of the Sapanca lake and crosses the fault at a very small angle. Depending on the location of the highway(north of the fault or south of the fault) the damage pattern becomes tensile or compressive.
(Photos by ATV)
(by N.Apaydin, H.Aydin)
Surface Rupture on the road
Collapsed superstructure of Arifiye Overpass and Ondulation on the surface of the road
Collapsed beams, side span and Cross-sectional view of slab of Arifiye Overpass
The condition of the bearings of Arifiye Overpass/the shearcase of Sakarya Viaduct
The condition of the bearing area and sliding of the beams of Sakarya Viaduct
View of sliding and underview of the beam of Sakarya Viaduct
Railway
Compression failures on the railway track at the south of Sapanca Lake, in the vicinity of fault trace.The section of the railroad between Izmit and Arifiye has been efected by the earthquake. Near Tepetarla station the lateral deformation of the railway is about 2.7m with about 1m vertical movement.
